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Triad prayer policies may change after Supreme Court ruling
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A Lee Enterprises, Incorporated newspaper. Majority shareholder: David Hoffmann, Hoffmann Media Group.
Triad prayer policies may change after Supreme Court ruling
- By Kelly Poe/News & Record
- May 5, 2014
- May 5, 2014 Updated May 5, 2014
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Updated 9:11 p.m.
A Supreme Court ruling Monday could change pre-meeting prayer practices for some local municipalities in the Triad.
The court voted 5-4, in the Town of Greece v. Galloway, to uphold decidedly Christian prayers at the start of council meetings in Greece, N.Y.
Forsyth County lost a similar lawsuit in 2011 over prayers from specific religions about specific deities at its meetings, and the state Supreme Court refused to hear the case in 2012.
Greece’s council meetings featured a “chaplain of the month” and said it welcomed members of all faiths, including atheists.
However, the appeals court for the Second Circuit argued that the substantial majority of the prayers contained uniquely Christian language, such as “Jesus” and “Holy Spirit.”
When residents sued Forsyth County they presented a similar argument — that the religious leaders who prayed before meetings were almost all Christian. They also said leaders used the time to promote specific religions.
In Rockingham County, the county manager leads a prayer that’s not specific to any religion, County Attorney Bob Shaver said.
In 2012, Guilford County government changed its own prayer policy, at least partly in direct response to the lawsuit. The county used to have a revolving cast of different religious leaders who delivered the prayer. Many were Christian, but others led prayers, including Jews, Buddhists, Unitarians and Islamists.
“We did a good job. We did have imam and rabbis and a real variety that was representative of the community,” County Attorney Mark Payne said.
Representatives leading prayer specifically were instructed to lead prayers that didn’t promote a particular religion, but Payne said he wasn’t sure if all leaders followed that rule.
In 2012, the county commissioners appointed County Tax Director Ben Chavis to lead prayers inclusive of different religions. Chavis is an ordained bishop in the Church of God, which is Pentecostal, and preaches at Freedom Life Church in Asheboro.
Commission Chairwoman Linda Shaw said Chavis does a great job, but she said she would prefer to have the rotating religious leaders perform the prayer because it connects the commissioners to the community. Shaw is Christian and Republican.
“I liked to have the different ministers come in from around the community,” Shaw said. “If I hear a rabbi come in, then that’s fine, because you always learn something. I don’t have a problem with that.”
Shaw said she would contact the county attorney to see what impact Monday’s decision would have on the county. Payne said he couldn’t comment until he had a chance to read the court’s ruling.
Kay Cashion, who is Christian and a Democrat, said she has no preference on the current prayer system versus the old one. However, she said she’s glad the court didn’t outright ban prayer before meetings.
“I think that the citizens, as a rule, do not mind a meeting being opened with an invocation, and I think as long as you’re not favoring a particular religion and you’re giving everybody an opportunity to be a part of it, then it works okay,” Cashion said.
“If you listen to the words, (Chavis) always asks for wisdom. He usually asks for protection for the troops. He asks for guidance not only for us, but for national leaders. It’s a calming period.”
The decision almost certainly will mean Forsyth County can go back to its old practice of prayer, said Scott Gaylord, a professor at the Elon University School of Law who filed an amicus brief in the Greece case on behalf of several municipalities, including Forsyth and Rowan counties.
“At a minimum, we know that that type of policy is constitutional provided that government does not ostracize or alienate different religions,” Gaylord said.
Writing for the court on Monday, Justice Anthony Kennedy said that forcing clergy to scrub the prayers of references to Jesus Christ and other sectarian religious figures would turn officials into censors.
Instead, Kennedy said, the prayers should be seen as ceremonial and in keeping with the nation’s traditions.
“The inclusion of a brief, ceremonial prayer as part of a larger exercise in civic recognition suggests that its purpose and effect are to acknowledge religious leaders and the institutions they represent, rather than to exclude or coerce nonbelievers,” Kennedy said.
Justice Elena Kagan, writing for the court’s four liberal justices, said, “I respectfully dissent from the court’s opinion because I think the Town of Greece’s prayer practices violate that norm of religious equality — the breathtakingly generous constitutional idea that our public institutions belong no less to the Buddhist or Hindu than to the Methodist or Episcopalian.”
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
Posted 10:15 a.m.
WASHINGTON — Prayers that open town council meetings do not violate the Constitution even if they routinely stress Christianity, a divided Supreme Court ruled Monday.
The court said in 5-4 decision that the content of the prayers is not significant as long as they do not denigrate non-Christians or proselytize.
The ruling by the court's conservative majority was a victory for the town of Greece, N.Y., outside of Rochester. The Obama administration sided with the town.
In 1983, the court upheld an opening prayer in the Nebraska legislature and said that prayer is part of the nation's fabric, not a violation of the First Amendment. Monday's ruling was consistent with the earlier one.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing for the majority, said the prayers are ceremonial and in keeping with the nation's traditions.
"The inclusion of a brief, ceremonial prayer as part of a larger exercise in civic recognition suggests that its purpose and effect are to acknowledge religious leaders and the institutions they represent, rather than to exclude or coerce nonbelievers," Kennedy said.
Justice Elena Kagan, writing for the court's four liberal justices, said, "I respectfully dissent from the Court's opinion because I think the Town of Greece's prayer practices violate that norm of religious equality — the breathtakingly generous constitutional idea that our public institutions belong no less to the Buddhist or Hindu than to the Methodist or Episcopalian."
Kagan said the case differs significantly from the 1983 decision because "Greece's town meetings involve participation by ordinary citizens, and the invocations given — directly to those citizens — were predominantly sectarian in content."
A federal appeals court in New York ruled that Greece violated the Constitution by opening nearly every meeting over an 11-year span with prayers that stressed Christianity.
From 1999 through 2007, and again from January 2009 through June 2010, every meeting was opened with a Christian-oriented invocation. In 2008, after residents Susan Galloway and Linda Stephens complained, four of 12 meetings were opened by non-Christians, including a Jewish layman, a Wiccan priestess and the chairman of the local Baha'i congregation.
A town employee each month selected clerics or lay people by using a local published guide of churches. The guide did not include non-Christian denominations, however. The appeals court found that religious institutions in the town of just under 100,000 people are primarily Christian, and even Galloway and Stephens testified they knew of no non-Christian places of worship there.
The two residents filed suit and a trial court ruled in the town's favor, finding that the town did not intentionally exclude non-Christians. It also said that the content of the prayer was not an issue because there was no desire to proselytize or demean other faiths.
But a three-judge panel of the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said that even with the high court's 1983 ruling, the practice of having one Christian prayer after another amounted to the town's endorsement of Christianity.
Kennedy, however, said judges should not be involved in evaluating the content of prayer because it could lead to legislatures requiring "chaplains to redact the religious content from their message in order to make it acceptable for the public sphere."
He added, "Government may not mandate a civic religion that stifles any but the most generic reference to the sacred any more than it may prescribe a religious orthodoxy."
Kennedy himself was the author an opinion in 1992 that held that a Christian prayer delivered at a high school graduation did violate the Constitution. The justice said Monday there are differences between the two situations, including the age of the audience and the fact that attendees at the council meeting may step out of the room if they do not like the prayer.
Kennedy and his four colleagues in the majority all are Catholic. They are: Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Samuel Alito, Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas.
In her dissent, Kagan said the council meeting prayers are unlike those said to open sessions of Congress and state legislatures, where the elected officials are the intended audience. In Greece, "the prayers there are directed squarely at the citizens," she said. Kagan was joined by Justices Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor. Of the four, three are Jewish and Sotomayor is Catholic.
Kagan also noted what she described as the meetings' intimate setting, with 10 or so people sitting in front of the town's elected and top appointed officials. Children and teenagers are likely to be present, she said.
The case is Greece v. Galloway, 12-696
Contact Kelly Poe at (336) 373-7003, and follow @poe_NR on Twitter.
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Related to this story
Alamance County Commissioners vote to include prayer as part of meetings
GRAHAM — The Alamance County Board of Commissioners will conduct opening prayers at meetings as part of its formal agenda.
Forsyth County to weigh prayer policy
The Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that the town of Greece did not violate the U.S. Constitution by allowing ministers to deliver Chris…
Do you agree with the Supreme Court's ruling that prayers that open town council meetings do not violate the Constitution?
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