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Downstream communities worry about Triad's 1,4 dioxane

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A Lee Enterprises, Incorporated newspaper. Majority shareholder: David Hoffmann, Hoffmann Media Group.

Downstream communities worry about Triad's 1,4 dioxane

1 of 5

Townsend Water Treatment Plant

Kathlyn Thompson runs a test on a chemical being delivered to the facility, at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant, on Tuesday, February 2, 2016, in Greensboro, N.C.

Townsend Water Treatment Plant

Water from Lake Townsend is drawn into the facility through this pipe at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant, and treated with ferric sulfate, which coats impurities in the water, causing them to sink.

Austin Blackmon tests water from the distribution system at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant Drinking water from the city’s reservoirs doesn’t show any detectable trace of 1,4 dioxane so officials are looking at what businesses and homes are discharging into city sewer lines.

Earl Green, the supervisor at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant, displays the flocculation basins in Greensboro. Drinking water from Greensboro municipal reservoirs doesn’t show any detectable trace of the chemical solvent — 1,4 dioxane — so government officials instead are looking at what businesses and residential neighborhoods are discharging into city sewer lines, said Steve Drew, the city’s water resources director.

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City officials in Greensboro, Asheboro and Reidsville are trying to track down the sources of a “probable human carcinogen” in the treated sewage they flush into the Cape Fear River system, a situation that is causing health concerns in Fayetteville and other communities downstream.

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aftWireback on Twitter.

What is 1,4 dioxane?

1,4 dioxane is a clear liquid that dissolves easily in water.

It is a surfactant used to help blend a variety of ingredients in such products as cosmetics, detergents, soaps and shampoos. Industry also uses it in paints, varnishes, lacquers, adhesives, antifreeze, and chemical strippers.

1,4 dioxane is a "volatile organic" that rapidly breaks down when released to the air. But in water, it is highly soluble and stable, and it does not break down readily.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lists 1,4 dioxane as likely to cause cancer — "a probable human carcinogen" — but does not yet regulate it by setting limits on its presence in drinking water.

Research also shows that overexposure to 1,4 dioxane can damage the liver and kidneys.

Under EPA supervision, cities and other providers of drinking water have been testing their levels of 1,4 dioxane with an eye toward setting future regulatory limits on its presence in drinking water.

Because 1,4 dioxane is so soluble, it is difficult to remove from drinking water. Standard filtration techniques are ineffective.

The EPA's currently recommends a water-quality standard of 3.1 parts per billion of 1,4 dioxane in rivers and lakes used to supply drinking water, and 110 parts per billion in other surface water.

EPA is considering tightening those recommendations to .35 parts per billion (about 1 ounce per 22 million gallons) for rivers and lakes that supply drinking water, and 80 parts per billion in other surface water.

A series of 2014 tests of drinking water from Greensboro's water system detected no 1,4 dioxane in water produced by Greensboro treatment plants.

But tests of drinking water from the Randleman Regional Reservoir routinely detect 1,4 dioxane in finished drinking water at about 2 parts per billion.

Source: U.S. EPA, federal Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, N.C. Department of Environmental Quality, News & Record research.

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Townsend Water Treatment Plant

Kathlyn Thompson runs a test on a chemical being delivered to the facility, at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant, on Tuesday, February 2, 2016, in Greensboro, N.C.

Water from Lake Townsend is drawn into the facility through this pipe at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant, and treated with ferric sulfate, which coats impurities in the water, causing them to sink.

Austin Blackmon tests water from the distribution system at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant Drinking water from the city’s reservoirs doesn’t show any detectable trace of 1,4 dioxane so officials are looking at what businesses and homes are discharging into city sewer lines.

Earl Green, the supervisor at the Townsend Water Treatment Plant, displays the flocculation basins in Greensboro. Drinking water from Greensboro municipal reservoirs doesn’t show any detectable trace of the chemical solvent — 1,4 dioxane — so government officials instead are looking at what businesses and residential neighborhoods are discharging into city sewer lines, said Steve Drew, the city’s water resources director.

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IrelandUruguay, Eastern Republic ofUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofViet Nam, Socialist Republic ofWallis and Futuna IslandsWestern SaharaYemenZambia, Republic ofZimbabwe

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