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Seaboard Chemical Corp. still awaits cleanup
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A Lee Enterprises, Incorporated newspaper. Majority shareholder: David Hoffmann, Hoffmann Media Group.
Exclusive
Seaboard Chemical Corp. still awaits cleanup
Denied an operating license by the Guilford County Board of Commissioners in June 1989 because of its history of environmental misconduct, Seaboard, a former solvent recycler and fuel blender, left behind large amounts of such industrial chemicals as 1,4-dioxane, benzene, perchloroethene, vinyl chloride and other potentially harmful compounds that seeped into the groundwater and that authorities for the better part of three decades have assured would be cleaned up.
- Taft Wireback
- May 1, 2016
- May 1, 2016 Updated May 1, 2016
- 0
- 9 min to read
1 of 10


Terry Houk, High Point director of public services, with the evergreen trees, a phytoremediation system, at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
The old Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site along Riverdale Drive, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Holding tanks for effluent that will be directed to the evergreen fields at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Terry Houk, director of Public Services, with the pneumatic pumps at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Evergreen trees that are part of the dispersion fields at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corp. toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Zone controls for the dispersion fields at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Terry Houk, right, director of Public Services, at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in High Point, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Housing for the left station pumps and tanks, at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Construction for a clarifier at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
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JAMESTOWN — Almost 27 years after local officials shuttered Seaboard Chemical Corp. at the edge of what’s now Randleman Regional Reservoir, huge pools of underground contamination remain largely untreated in groundwater beside and beneath the lake that’s a source of drinking water.
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The Seaboard Saga: Still a work in progress
1974: Seaboard Chemical Corp. begins operating on a 13-acre site at 5899 Riverdale Drive in a rural section of Jamestown. As an industrial solvent recycler, processor and waste fuel blender, the company at some times has more than 20,000 barrels of hazardous waste in storage.
1980s: Seaboard gains a reputation for slipshod, dangerous operating techniques and is repeatedly flagged by environmental regulators for improperly storing hazardous waste and other dangerous, unprofessional practices. Shortly before the place is shut down for good, nearby residents protest at front gates, wearing oxygen masks and carrying “skull and crossbones” signs.
June 1989: The Guilford County Board of Commissioners forces Seaboard into bankruptcy by voting unanimously against the special-use permit the solvent processor needs to remain in business. The company leaves behind leaking drums and storage tanks of various chemical compounds at the polluted site, which includes infamous Pond 3 where waste chemicals were poured.
Spring 1990: Seaboard’s above ground cleanup is suspended in mid-course after the company’s bankruptcy trustee exhausts a $600,000 fund set aside for any necessary cleanup.
July 1991: State environmental officials convene a group of 2,000 former Seaboard customers who remain legally and financially responsible for chemicals they sent to the Riverdale Drive site. The cleanup is on them, say North Carolina regulators.
January to September 1992: After forming Seaboard Group 1, the company’s former customers spend $2 million to decontaminate the site above ground, sending hazardous material to licensed disposal facilities as far away as Port Arthur, Texas.
1993-1994: Seaboard Group I pays for scientific studies of the groundwater contamination Seaboard left behind. The city of High Point joins the effort when it closes a municipal landfill next door and pollution from that site is linked to Seaboard’s groundwater problems.
1995-1996: Companies that sent major shipments to the Jamestown disposal site form Seaboard Group II, joining forces with High Point to investigate groundwater contamination at the site and develop a cleanup plan. Years of scientific analysis and negotiation follow, including a baseline study, feasibility study, remedial site investigation and a cost sharing agreement. High Point picks up 25 percent of the tab — a commitment that has cost taxpayers $3.3 million, so far.
2006: The Piedmont Regional Water Authority begins filling what will soon become Randleman Regional Reservoir, turning the Deep River beside the former Seaboard site into a water-supply lake. Separate studies by PTRWA and the Seaboard cleanup partnership conclude the company’s groundwater contamination trapped in underlying bedrock is not an immediate threat to the lake’s water quality.
December 2008: Seaboard Group II, the city of High Point and state environmental officials sign a “remedial action settlement agreement” setting a one-year deadline to design a treatment system that can clean Seaboard’s ground water during the next several decades.
December 2009: Seaboard Group II and the city of High Point submit a final design that includes both “natural treatment” in a 33-acre grove of trees and a mechanical system that’s also able to remove hard-to-treat 1, 4 dioxane, a probable carcinogen and major Seaboard contaminant.
2010: Seaboard’s former customers and High Point hire a Canadian company, Purifics ES, to build and help install the computerized mechanical, cleanup system with a goal of starting to treat Seaboard pollution the next year.
July 2011: Purifics begins shipping the new system that takes several months to set up.
October 2011: First attempt to start the new system fails Oct. 10 for lack of electrical surge protection. Second effort two weeks later also fails.
February 2012: After a lengthy contract dispute involving electrical codes and computer connections, the reworked system fails to start a third time.
Spring 2014: Seaboard Group II and the city of High Point successfully start the system after numerous in-house modifications. The system runs but sporadically, because excessive amounts of sludge in a mix of landfill leachate and polluted groundwater “resulted in frequent shutdowns of the process to remove metals precipitate residue from the settling vat.”
December 2015: With a history of frequent stoppages, the new system is completely shut down to add a clarifier, a larger settling tank to handle the accumulated sludge more efficiently. The system remains inoperative while that work continues. Seaboard Group II and High Point have filed a complaint against Purifics with the International Chamber of Commerce, seeking damages for alleged contract and warranty violations.
May 15, 2016: Target date for contractors to finish building the clarifier. After that, High Point city officials and Seaboard’s former customers say “it will then take four to six weeks to perform the required system operating and safety tests to return to full operation.”
What's in the Seaboard site's groundwater
The contamination extends underground from the former chemical plant to beneath the Randleman Regional Reservoir, where it has accumulated largely untreated since the 1980s. Scientists have identified 18 “significant contaminants of concern” within four major chemical families:
Chlorinated ethenes
This is a class of chemicals popular since the 1930s in dry cleaning operations and industrial degreasing. All forms are toxic. Several are known or probable carcinogens.
- Perchloroethene.*
- Trichloroethene.**
- 1,1-Dichloroethene.**
- Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene.
- Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene.
- Vinyl Chloride.*
Chlorinated ethanes
Like chlorinated ethenes, this class of chemical is useful in cleaning and degreasing, but it is also found in aerosols and anesthetics.
- 1,1,1-Tricholoroethane.
- 1,1-Dichloroethane.**
- 1,2-Dichloroethane.*
BTEX compounds
The name comes from an acronym of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene to denote a class of “volatile organic” compounds often linked to gasoline and other petroleum-related products.
- Benzene.*
- Ethyl Benzene.
- Toluene.
Other organics
Groundwater contaminants at the site also include other carbon-based compounds used mainly as solvents in such products as spot removers, detergent, glues, paints, inks, lacquers and personal care items.
- 1,4-dioxane.*
- Chloromethane.
- Methylene chloride.*
- Chlorobenzene.
- Acetone.
- Vinyl acetate.
*Known or probable carcinogen
**Possible human carcinogen
The story of Pumping Well 5D
Researchers drilled Pumping Well-5D about 20 years ago between the former Seaboard Chemical plant and what was then just a section of the Deep River but now is better known locally as the Randleman Regional Reservoir. PW-5D documented high levels of pollution deep below the surface in “dense non-aqueous phase liquids” that are heavier than water and that sink toward bedrock, but that also can interact with groundwater to cause pollution for decades.
Here’s what scientists found in this area of pollution during late-1990s' testing of well water from PW-5D at varying depths below ground:
108 to 159 feet
1,1-dichlorethane+,
Chlorobenzene
160 to 199 feet
1,1,1 trichloroethane
1,1-dichlorethane+
1,1 dichloroethene+
1,2 –dichlorobenzene
1,2 dichloroethane*
1,4-dichlorobenzene
Carbon tetrachloride*
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Dibromochloroethane
Methylene chloride*
Perchloroethene*
1,2 dichloroethene
Trichloroethene+
Trichlorofluoromethane
Vinyl chloride*
201-249 feet
1,1-dichlorethane+
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Methylene chloride*
Trichlorofluoromethane
Vinyl chloride*
250-298 feet
1,1-dichlorethane+
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
Chloroform
Methylene chloride*
Vinyl chloride*
The latest from PW-5D
Seaboard Group II and the city of High Point have continued testing PW-5D and other wells at the former chemical company site over the years. Screening last fall found that many of the same contaminants still linger in PW-5D, often at concentrations well above state and federal standards.
The contaminants are shown with their levels expressed in parts per billion. State standards for groundwater safety are in parentheses. Overages are in bold type:
1,1,1-trichloroethane 280 ppb (200)
1,1-dichloroethane+ 870 ppb (6)
1,1-dichloroethene+ 490 ppb (7)
1,2-dichloroehtane* 61 ppb (0.4)
1,4-dioxane* 1,390 ppb (3)
Benzene* 46 ppb (1)
Chlorobenzene 2,000 ppb (50)
Chloroethane 52 ppb (3,000)
Cis-1,2-dichloroethene 1,900 ppb (70)
Perchloroethene* 14 ppb (0.7)
Toluene 45 ppb (600)
Trans-1,2-dichloroethene 8.8 ppb (100)
Trichloroethene+ 9.2 ppb (3)
Vinyl chloride* 380 ppb (0.03)
Xylenes 13 ppb (500)
• Known or probable carcinogen
+ Possible carcinogen
Sources: "Remedial Investigation Report," by Seaboard Group II and city of High Point, submitted to the N.C. Department of Environmental Quality, March 1999; "Water Quality Monitoring Report," by Seaboard Group II and the city of High Point to DEQ, Dec. 6, 2015
Companies responsible for Seaboard cleanup
After Seaboard Chemical Corp. went bankrupt in the late 1980s, the job of cleaning up the mess fell to 23 former clients that include some of the nation’s largest corporations.
Under North Carolina and federal environmental law, companies that generate hazardous waste are responsible for its proper disposal if they entrust it to a treatment company that fails to handle it properly.
The Seaboard site’s “responsible parties,” called Seaboard Group II, include:
Akzo Nobel Coatings
American Woodmark Corp.
Ashland Inc. (Ashland Chemical)
BASF Corp.
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA
Brenntag North America
Carolina Solvents
Perma-Fix of Michigan
Perma-Fix of Orlando
ConocoPhillips
Cookson Electronics
Environmental Enterprises Inc.
Exxon Mobil Environmental Services
General Electric
Huntsman Corp.
Marsh Furniture Co.
Moog Inc.
NEPTCO Inc.
Rexam Inc.
Rockwell Automation Inc.
Clariant Corp.
Valspar Corp.
Walt Disney World
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Terry Houk, High Point director of public services, with the evergreen trees, a phytoremediation system, at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
The old Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site along Riverdale Drive, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Holding tanks for effluent that will be directed to the evergreen fields at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Terry Houk, director of Public Services, with the pneumatic pumps at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Evergreen trees that are part of the dispersion fields at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corp. toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Zone controls for the dispersion fields at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Terry Houk, right, director of Public Services, at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in High Point, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Housing for the left station pumps and tanks, at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Construction for a clarifier at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
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- Tim Rickard/News & Record
Close

A monitoring meter within the evergreen trees that are part of the dispersion fields at the remediation site for the Seaboard Chemical Corporation toxic site, on Wednesday, April 27, 2016, in Jamestown, N.C.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
Close

Not much remains of the once bustling Seaboard Chemical Corporation site on Riverdale Drive in a rural section of Jamestown. After the company went bankrupt, environmental laws required the company’s former customers to spend about $2 million decontaminating the site’s above-ground operations. Before county officials shut it down in 1989, Seaboard Chemical employed about 80 people processing industrial solvents and boasted a $1.4 million payroll.
- Joseph Rodriguez/News & Record
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